Ex-President Bill Clinton addresses Affordable Care Act

On Wednesday, the former President took to the podium at his Presidential Library in Little Rock, Arkansas to defend and further explain the Afforable Care Act.  Obama refers to Clinton as the "great explainer" and knows many Americans still have their doubts about universal health care. Clinton effectively breaks down the good, the bad and most importantly, why it's time to stop bickering about something we all desperately need to work. Clinton argues, rather than debating on if it's going to work, let's all focus on how we can make it work better.  Here's a the speech in its entirety..

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl28j4f2yTQ

Stay Informed. Stay Positive. Stay Healthy.

- The Patient's Advocate

What Are These Health Care Exchanges All About?

While many politicians in Congress continue to fight against ObamaCare and seek its removal, a key provision of the Affordable Care Act is already underway. A number of online marketplaces, or Health Care Exchanges, that allow patients to purchase health insurance coverage are being set up around the country on a state-by-state basis.  The exchange option for health insurance is not available to employees who choose to receive health care through their employer, those on Medicare or on Medicaid.  We will address the employer options and concerns in a future blog.

The new health care law requires all tax paying US citizens to have health insurance or pay a penalty.  Open enrollment begins on October 1, 2013, with coverage effective January 1, 2014. 
Individuals will be able to purchase insurance online through private companies who will compete for their business in a traditional marketplace. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) administers all the requirements for the exchanges and the health plans that can be sold on the exchange. This measure of quality control ensures that any plan bought on the exchange meets minimum requirements, further increasing consumer protection.

Individual states have the option to set up their own exchanges, partner with other states, or have the Federal Government build and run the exchange for them. According to the Commonwealth Fund, 18 states, as of July 2013, will implement their own health care exchanges; 8 states will use the Federal Government marketplace, but will manage the plan themselves, and 4 states will have state-federal partnerships, with the states conducting plan management and consumer assistance. The remaining states having federally facilitated marketplaces.  Here's a state-by-state map of who is doing what.   

http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Maps-and-Data/State-Exchange-Map.aspx#New%20York

Let's take a look at the basic components of these exchanges and how they might directly impact you.  

With all plans offered in the Exchanges, coverage cannot be denied because of a preexisting condition. In addition, the premiums for men and women cannot differ for the same benefit package. The essential benefits for all plans include: 

•      Ambulatory/outpatient care   
•      Emergency services
•      Hospitalization
•      Maternity and newborn care 
•      Mental health and substance use disorders 
•      Prescription drugs 
•      Rehabilitative services and durable medical equipment
•      Laboratory services 
•      Preventive and wellness services and chronic disease management 
•      Pediatric services

The benefit designs must conform to one of four tiers: Bronze, Silver, Gold and Platinum.  

These 4 plans will differ in costs and provider networks.

With the Bronze package, subscribers will pay more for their out of pocket costs than in the Platinum plan. In terms of deductibles, co-payments and other charges, the Bronze plan covers 60% of a patient's health costs, the Silver 70%, the Gold 80% and the Platinum 90%.  

Those with more limited and restrictive networks such as HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) will probably have lower premiums than those with less restrictive networks such as PPOs (Preferred Provider Organizations).

Depending on your income level, you may be eligible for financial subsidies toward purchasing health insurance. You qualify for this subsidy if your income is less than 400 percent of the federal poverty level, which is about $46,000 for an individual and $94,000 for a family of four in 2013. The subsidy represents the difference between the amount you're expected to contribute based on your income and the cost of the benchmark plan for someone your age in your state.   

For example, if your adjusted gross income is $70,650 for a family of four, you're expected to pay 9.5 percent of your income for the benchmark plan's premiums. According to Families USA if your family's premiums for the benchmark plan are $12,500, you'd be expected to pay $6,711 of the premium, and would get a tax credit worth about $5,790. The subsidy remains the same regardless of the level of plan you buy (Bronze, Silver etc).  Note, you can only get the subsidy if you purchase insurance through the exchange and not through your employer. The subsidy is sent directly to your insurance company and applied to your premium.  The Baltimore Sun explains how the subsidies work in more detail.

http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/sc-health-0814-affordable-health-care-subsidy-20130814,0,4053938.story?track=rss

The premium costs will vary from state to state, and within the various benefits tiers. Anna Wilde Mathews of the Wall Street Journal summarized the diverse range of premiums for a healthy non-smoker 40 year old male in various states.  

"The least-expensive plan available to a 40-year-old nonsmoker in Richmond, Va., will be $193. 

In Ohio, carriers whose filings are available are proposing monthly premiums starting at $211 for a  40-year-old nonsmoker living in Columbus for a plan that covers 60% of costs. 

In Atlanta, Georgia, the least-expensive bid for such a plan is $212. 

In Olympia, Wash., a carrier has proposed charging $220.

In Hartford, Conn. early filings show such a plan could start at $242. 

....In Washington, D.C., the cheapest premium for a 40-year-old nonsmoker’s plan covering 60% of costs is $166, and...... in Nashville, Tenn., a plan is set to be available for $149 a month."

http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2013/07/14/how-will-health-insurance-exchanges-work/

The differing state to state premiums above seem to be inconsistent with the notion of a Federal program requiring a set of minimum benefits.  Should there be consistent premiums throughout all states? Apparently not. In part, the state options may very well have been a political compromise.  One of the goals of the program that affects all states is to encourage competition amongst insurers in the free market economy. Contrary to many people's belief that the Affordable Care Act is socialized medicine; it is anything but that. This is not a single payor system.  It is like the Part D Medicare program - a Federal program with minimum benefits administered by private insurance companies. There are some variations and differences, but the Affordable Care Act is set up to encourage competition, which hopefully will ultimately be reflected in lower premiums. Premiums will continue to vary from state to state simply because the demographics vary in each state, and premiums are generally based on the expected utilization of the groups to be enrolled. 

While it is the intent of the exchanges to encourage more competition, we will not fully know the answer until after January 1, 2014.  And whether or not this change in the marketplace translates to more affordable insurance premiums and cheaper health care is something that will take some time to see.  Regardless, change is desperately needed in the health insurance industry. For now, The Affordable Care Act is a step in the right direction. 

Stay Positive. Stay Informed. Stay Healthy.
- The Patient's Advocate

Simple Tips for Paying Your Medical Bills

No one likes receiving bills, especially when they come from your doctor or hospital. Most of us just want to be done with the entire unpleasantness as quickly as possible, so we often just pay our "balance due" without even thinking about the charges. This behavior is understandable, but fraught with error.

Your "amount due" may be what you actually owe, but not necessarily what you alone should be responsible to pay. In other words, physicians and hospitals often bill the patient before the insurance covers their amount. Here's some tips to maybe save you money in the bill paying process.

• Never pay before the insurance pays and you have an explanation of benefits (EOB). The EOB should tell you the charges, amount approved by the insurance company, the amount paid and how much you owe.  Don't worry about your doctor getting angry if you don't pay the bill as soon as it is received. They're not exactly hurting financially.

• Always ask your physician if they file to insurance. It's often their responsibility to file the necessary paperwork in advance of receiving payment if they accept the assignment from the insurance company. By accepting the assignment, the doctor agrees to accept, as payment in full, what the insurance company approves.  He/she must write-off the difference between the approved amount and the charged amount.

• Doctors may charge you a co-insurance payment upfront upon all visits. If your doctor is in the network, which usually means he accepts assignment, ask that you get billed for the co-pay after insurance has been filed and reimbursement received.  A common occurrence is that you may be asked to pay your co-insurance (20%) based on the full charge, as opposed to the approved amount. If you are paying a co-insurance at the time of your visit, make certain that it is based on the approved amount.  If not, you will overpay and may not get a refund if you and/or the doctor's office do not realize the error.

• Just because you're being charged a number that your insurance does not fully approve does not necessarily mean you're responsible for the difference. Sometimes, providers are willing to accept the insurance's allowed amount even if they don't accept the assignment. It's in your best interest to at least ask if they're willing to make the adjustment.

• Anytime an insurance denies coverage or a charge, question it.  They may turn out to be correct, but just as often, the provider miscoded the claim or wrote the wrong diagnosis for insurance purposes.

• After you finally pay a bill, make sure you document it in terms of amount paid and method of payment (check, credit card, etc.).  This is extremely important in the event you receive a duplicate bill later.

Following these tips will not be the cure for all your ills, but they will certainly protect your financial health.

Stay informed. Stay positive. Stay healthy.
- The Patient's Advocate
   medicalclaimsfilingexpert@gmail.com

How to Choose the Right Doctor

So much attention today is paid to the rising costs of our medical care, premiums and what our insurance does and does not cover. Often over looked in the process is who is the person delivering the care.  Under what criteria should we select a physician?

Sometimes, we're restricted in who we can visit based upon our insurance limitations. However, when we do have flexibility, the majority of patients are still ill equipped to objectively choose the best physician available. Most decisions result from emotional and highly subjective considerations. Does he have a good personality?  We think, if my friend likes him, he's probably a good physician. Or, if he's been in practice for a long time, so he must be good, because the more experienced a doctor has the better he is. Perhaps he was simply recommended by another physician. While some of these may be valid reasons for physician selection, they are not based on the criteria that relate to overall quality of care issues.

Here's a few specific ways to begin the search for the doctor who best meets your needs.  

• Check the physician's basic credentials.  This provides a baseline for the type of training a physician received.  Many states offer physician profiling websites which detail the physician's education, training and specialty board certifications.  Or try DocFinder http://www.docfinder.org/ for its easy to use search engine. DocFinder remains the only database that combines all licensing jurisdictions by state licensing boards and remains free of charge to the public. In addition to physician profile information from states that have passed physician profile laws, the website contains the licensing background and disciplinary information of physicians and other health care practitioners. The American Board of Medical Specialties allows you to check Board Certification on their site, as well as any disciplinary action taken against the physician, including malpractice/liability issues. https://www.certificationmatters.org/is-your-doctor-board-certified/search-now.aspx

• Check field specific expertise or procedures.  This is important especially when selecting a surgeon or sub-specialist like an oncologist.  It is entirely appropriate to ask the physician how many procedures, such as the one for which you are seeking help, he has performed.  The phrase "more is better" is probably appropriate in this case.  An orthopedic surgeon who has performed 1000 hip replacements is probably better than the one who has done 100.  However, there is a caveat.  Surgeons with less experience may have been more recently trained in newer and better techniques.  They may be using more state of the art surgical procedures.  Older surgeons, for example, may not have been trained or feel comfortable in minimally invasive robotic surgery. Younger surgeons are trained in these techniques and may not be as proficient in the traditional open surgical procedures.  A recent Consumer Reports story said "When deciding on a surgeon, remember that caseload may be more important than a surgeon's age. An analysis of Medicare data for nearly 461,000 patients found that while surgeons over age 60 with low surgical volumes had higher patient mortality rates on some procedures, those who continued to maintain high surgical caseloads had comparable outcome with surgeons ages 41 to 50." http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2012/12/how-to-choose-a-doctor/index.htm.

• Another aspect of physician selection relates to seeking a second opinion.  You should always seek a second opinion when surgery is recommended or a particular treatment or procedure is proposed, such as cancer treatment.  Mistakes are often made in diagnosis which leads to inappropriate treatment.  It's invaluable to hear another opinion. A recent Wall Street Journal article by Holly Finn talks about second opinions: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323869604578370810275073122.html.  A 2010 Gallup poll found that 70% of Americans are so respectful of their doctor's advice that they never get a second opinion or do additional research. We apply more scrutiny to choosing bluejeans, buying flat-screen TVs or ordering lunch. A good doctor will welcome you seeking a second opinion from another physician.  You cannot be concerned about hurting your doctor's feelings by going for a second opinion.  If you are close to a major teaching hospital medical center, take advantage of your access to the very best in your area. If you cannot seek out a teaching hospital environment, then the experience and credentialing criteria suggested above should be utilized to select a second opinion.  Always remember, if your second opinion physician is different from your first, then you should seek a third opinion.  You should have at least two opinions that are the same or similar to make an educated decision.

• The Human element.  No matter how skilled your doctor may appear if you do not feel comfortable talking to him or relating, this could lead to unexpected stress and frustrating communication down the road. Do not take for granted the importance of a rapport with your physician.  

• Insurance participation. You should always ask if the physician participates with your insurance plan.  This can have significant cost implications.  If he or she participates/accepts assignment, then the physician agrees to accept as payment in full the amount approved by the insurance company.  On the other hand, if he is out of network, and therefore does not accept the assignment, then he can charge you the difference between the approved amount and the approved amount.  In the case of Medicare, a doctor who does not accept Medicare Assignment can only charge 15% above the Medicare approved amount. Often times you can negotiate a preset reduced percentage ahead of time with the physician if they're aware your insurance will not cover the treatment.

• Hospital affiliation.  It may be helpful to verify the hospital(s) in which the physician has admitting privileges.  Hospital services and and quality vary from one to the other.  You may want to inquire about re-admission rates for the patients, infection rates, mortality rates by diagnosis or admission type.  Many state health departments require hospitals to report on various infection rates. http://www.hospitalinfection.org/legislation.shtml.  The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has published the infection rates on its Hospital Compare website, where the government already publishes data about patient satisfaction and some other types of medical errors in order to help consumers choose quality hospitals. http://www.nationaljournal.com/healthcare/hospital-infection-rates-now-on-medicare-website-20120201.  Not all hospitals are created equal.  

While the above recommendation are not an all inclusive list, at least you have some additional guidance to now select a doctor with more confidence and objectivity.

Stay Informed. Stay Positive. Stay Healthy.
The Patient's Advocate
Any additional questions or concerns please call:
1-800-400-4066 and ask for Harvey.

Escape Fire: The Fight to Rescue American Healthcare

A TV program note worth watching or setting your DVR for is CNN's premiere of the award-winning documentary, Escape Fire: The Fight to Rescue American Healthcare on Sunday March 10 at 8pm and again at 11pm ET.  While I have yet to personally see the film, it looks like it discusses many of the important issues. 

 

The film premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and received honors at the 2012 Silverdocs, Full Frame, and other prominent festivals.  The two-hour feature-length film was produced and directed by Matthew Heineman and Academy Award-nominee Susan Froemke and distributed by Roadside Attractions and Lionsgate. 

The film reveals flaws in the notion that the healthcare delivered via America’s patchwork of facilities, practitioners, and insurers offers good value for its outcomes.  Through the real-life experiences of physicians and patients, Escape Fire shows the tremendous pressures providers feel to reduce costs and limit patient interaction time – and the frustrations of patients struggling with preventable conditions that are often created or exacerbated by insufficient or inappropriate care.

Americans spend nearly twice as much on healthcare as any other country on Earth, but lag behind nearly every industrialized nation in life expectancy – ranking number 50 out of more than 220 nations around the world in the 2011 CIA World Factbook.  In the film, former Administrator for the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Dr. Don Berwick, and the former director of communications for insurance giant CIGNA Wendell Potter, explain this as partly due to the impact of for-profit interests that guide an uncoordinated care system that focuses more on disease management than disease prevention.

“CNN Films is very pleased to bring this documentary to television,” said Jeff Zucker, president of CNN Worldwide.  “The physical health of our nation and the cost of healthcare, impact every current fiscal challenge we face.  This compelling film gives us an explanation of some of the factors that have contributed to our broken system and explains why we urgently need to fix it.”

Filmmaker Heineman said, “CNN is the perfect place to release Escape Fire to spark an honest and important dialogue about the future of healthcare.”

Viewers meet a war-injured veteran seeking to wean himself from dozens of medications for his pain and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms with acupuncture, meditation, and other more holistic remedies, a short-order cook who accesses his local hospital emergency services since he does not have a primary care physician, and a mother with heart disease, who learns less expensive, less invasive procedures may have helped her to avoid her multiple surgeries.

The film also offers innovative healthcare solutions from leaders in the public and private sector, including noted holistic health experts Dr. Andrew Weil and Dr. Dean Ornish, Safeway grocery chain CEO Steve Burd, medical journalist Shannon Brownlee, Cleveland Clinic cardiovascular chairman Dr. Steven Nissen, and Dr. Berwick.  They describe this moral hazard for physicians – predominantly fee-for-service health care payment models incentivize medical interventions yielding higher profits and spend less time counseling patients how to curb or avoid illness related to behaviors that cause conditions like obesity and diabetes in the first place.

CNN chief medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta will moderate a 30-minute discussion following the exclusive premiere broadcast of Escape Fire, focused on how Americans can cut through the red tape to save money and increase their access to healthcare.

Here is the trailer for it: http://www.escapefiremovie.com/

 

Stay Informed. Stay Positive. Stay Healthy.

- The Patient's Advocate

Why Medical Bills Are America's Real Killer

The fastest spreading disease in America cannot be cured with a flu shot or prescription drug. It's far more complicated.  The red tape and sticker shock associated with our ever increasing medical bills is America's real killer. In the most recent issue of Time Magazine, Steven Brill, sets forth, in riveting detail, the problems faced by patients today when it comes to paying their medical bills.

 http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/20/bitter-pill-why-medical-bills-are-killing-us/print/

Many of us can relate to these horror stories that include overcharges, denied claims, or unnecessary charges.  Whether we didn't have appropriate and adequate insurance coverage in the first place or just thought there was nothing we could do about exorbitant hospital fees, we all struggle to pay the bottom line. On top of our personal issues we fail to reconcile, insurance companies often refuse to or simply inaccurately make the proper adjustments to their reimbursement, even when they are legally contracted to do so.

While the Affordable Care Act (ObamaCare) will provide access to health care for more than 30 million people without health insurance, through the health care exchanges currently being set up for 2014 implementation, it will probably not significantly lower the costs of healthcare. As Brill points out in his article, the main reason for this is that the medical marketplace does not behave in the same manner as the marketplace for all other goods and services. When I go to buy a car, I know, with some preparation in advance, what the cost of the car will be.  If I don't like the offer the salesman makes, I am free to shop at another car dealer to try to get a better price.  This never happens in the health care arena.  Rarely do we know in advance how much it will cost, nor do we shop for a better deal. We may shop for better care...but rarely is price a factor. And the industry knows this and takes full advantage with its pricing structure. We have very little, if any, negotiating power with hospitals and other healthcare providers. Only Medicare has the power to negotiate with hospitals and other providers, while private insurance companies do not.

Forget about actual medical care. Let's just look at the paperwork in the current system. Brill points out that the Medicare program costs $3.80 to process a claim compared to $30 per claim for Aetna. With this kind of disparity it's hard to argue that further privatizing medical care makes any sense or...cents at all. The misidentified truth is, when it comes to health care, government intervention actually keeps costs down.

Mr. Brill identifies the reason hospitals, and the rest of the industry, have been able to get away with this kind of pricing to date. Hospital charges do not reflect the reality of the actual costs for services rendered.  How these costs derived by the "Charge Master" is a well guarded secret to patients. While very few of us will ever pay these  intentionally over inflated, unrealistic charges; they do serve as a ceiling from which hospitals may be willing to negotiate lower fees. However, the problem lies when negotiating an adjusted hospital bill for clients, we usually start at the Medicare reimbursement level and work our way up, rather than begin at the upper level of the Charge Master fees, and work down.  A reduction by the hospital from the full billed charges as they appear on the Charge Master, is usually still much higher than the adjustment made by an increase in the Medicare allowable amount.

The ability to control health care costs is a function of two main variables: price and utilization.  If we can impact just one of these, we will bring about change.

Unfortunately, the recent trend toward integrative delivery systems, whereby hospitals are buying up medical practices will have a significant negative impact on the cost equation and the ability to reverse the increasing  medical expense trend.  In the days when individual practices dominated, insurance companies would be able to exercise leverage in negotiating reimbursement.  According to Southwind, a Nashville, Tenn. based consulting group, with hospitals now employing 1 in 4 physician specialists and 40% of primary care physicians, compared to 1 in 20 specialists and less than 20% of primary care physicians in 2000, hospitals are becoming the dominant player. While more and more physicians continue to trade off their independence for security, in terms of guaranteed salaries and bonuses based on productivity, hospitals increase their negotiating leverage with insurance companies because of the significant numbers of patients (insurance subscribers) represented through their physician owned practices.  Insurance companies find themselves virtually defenseless in setting reimbursement, and ultimately, affecting price breaks for subscribers.

Hospitals will contend that their integrative approach to the delivery system will lower costs. But, as long as their physician owned practices are allowed to continue the "fee for service" model in terms of reimbursement, it matters little that the physicians are paid a salary. The only effective solution is to tie reimbursement to outcomes that measure quality, and not solely by the number of visits or tests performed.  In addition, the trend of buying up private practices by hospitals only adds another layer of fees, often labeled as a "facility fee" that the hospital now tacks on for its "consolidation."

In its March report to Congress, Medcap, a government agency that analyzes Medicare policy, found that the cost for a basic doctor visit nearly doubled once a practice was purchased by a hospital group. The reports claims that last year, a 15-minute visit to a doctor in private practice cost $69, including the $14 patient co-pay.  That same visit to a hospital-employed physician cost $124. The patient portion rose to $25. According to Medcap, at that rate, Medicare spending for doctors visits alone would increase by $2 billion a year. Analysts at Florida Blue, the state's largest provider of health insurance, found similar numbers when they looked at data from cardiologists who practiced in Orange, Osceola and Seminole counties. During the past two years, they discovered that overall costs from hospital-employed cardiologists were 20 percent higher than for cardiologists not employed by hospitals.

http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-09-15/health/os-hospitals-buy-physicians-20120915_1_hospital-executives-hospital-employee-physician-practices/2.

As long as Hospitals and Doctors are allowed to operate as a typical American business seeking dominant market share and revenue, the quality of care and the cost to receive said care will never add up to numbers that benefit the ones who need it most. Despite all the new regulations in place, if the government does not step in to further reform the way the health industry charges its subscribers, even fewer Americans will be able to afford the care they so desperately need. While the owners and operators of the health care industry manage their business like every other business in a free market system, the users of this system do not behave in the same way as other consumers in other industries. It's imperative for the politicians and all citizens to understand the difference.

Setting realistic quality and cost control standards that improve the power to negotiate fees and services is imperative, if we're ever going to stop what's killing our healthcare system. Greed and profiteering may be good for business, but it's very bad for the individual's health and personal fortune. By excluding the delivery of quality outcomes and managed price ceilings, health care costs will continue to soar.  Left unchecked and unregulated, hospitals and physician groups will only continue to care about the business of growing large  provider networks at the expense of quality, affordable patient care.

Stay Informed. Stay Positive. Stay Healthy.
- The Patient's Advocate

Caregivers & The Family and Medical Leave Act

At some point in our lives most of us will need to provide care for a parent or family member. Whether or not we're able to do this on our own or with the aid of a professional, medical assistance for a loved one is an issue none of us welcome but, know one day, will be a necessary inevitability. The question is, how do we best prepare for it, and then manage it, when the time comes?

2013 marks the 20th anniversary of the passage of The Family and Medical Leave Act, the very first piece of legislation under the Clinton Administration. This landmark legislation guaranteed caregivers up to 12 weeks to spend more time with their loved ones in times of emotional and physical distress. The  graphic chart below shows the dramatic shift from 1992, the year before the enacted legislation, compared to twenty years later. 

President Clinton revisited his legislation in an op-ed piece for Politico.com  Here it is, in its entirety.

The late 20th century will be remembered for the onset of dramatic economic, social, environmental and political changes which continue to challenge us at home and abroad. Though our increasingly interdependent global economy allowed people across the world to trade, invest, communicate, debate, and make common cause at a level never before imaginable, the news was not all good. 

In the U.S., middle class incomes began to stagnate in the 1980s, child poverty was rising, as were welfare rolls, teen pregnancy, crime rates, and income inequality. More and more of the nation’s growth was benefiting those already doing well. 

By 1993, the patterns of family life had been changing for decades. Between 1965 and 1992, the percentage of mothers with children working outside the home had grown from 35 to 67 percent, giving women new opportunities and allowing middle class families that once prospered on a single paycheck to maintain their lifestyles with two incomes. Meanwhile, single parent households had become much more common in America, growing from 16 to 27 percent of families between 1975 and 1992. Many children in these homes were living in poverty even when their parents, usually mothers, worked. 

These stark developments caused many to question whether, in spite of our progress toward gender and racial equality, the American Dream could survive the turmoil. Therefore, the question most Americans wanted those of us running for the White House in 1992 to answer were: how can we restore the American Dream for those who work hard and play by the rules? How can we empower the poor to work their way into the middle class? How can hard-pressed parents do a good job at work and at home with their kids? 

Americans had tired of the typical answers. They knew that government alone couldn’t cure our social and economic ills. But after 12 years of Republican rule, they also knew that government neglect was making things worse. The ‘government is the problem’ mantra proved to be another way of saying to the middle class and the aspiring poor: “you’re on your own.” 

As a candidate for president, I was determined to move beyond the dead-end debate between entitlement and neglect to a policy of empowerment, “a common sense path that offers more opportunity to families in return for more personal responsibility.” That meant, among other things, supporting initiatives that both increased employment and strengthened families. 

Twenty years ago today, barely more than two weeks into my presidency, I stood in the White House Rose Garden to sign the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which provided millions of Americans with the opportunity to take time off to care for a new child or sick relative. It was then and remains today the embodiment of my governing philosophy of empowerment through opportunity and responsibility. To this day, I receive more thanks from citizens for the FMLA than any other single piece of legislation I signed into law. Between 1991 and 1997, the percentage of full-time employees in large and medium-sized businesses taking maternity leave grew from 37 to 93 percent. By the time I had left office, 35 million Americans had taken leave, and estimates today suggest that number has grown to 100 million. 

They all have a story, like the father who brought his cancer-stricken daughter on a White House tour. He told me she was very ill and probably wouldn’t make it, but the months he’d taken off from work to be with her were the most important months of his life. Or the flight attendant who told me about both her parents falling ill at the same time, with only her and her sister to take care of them. Without FMLA, they couldn’t have done it. She said, “All politicians talk about family values, but I think how your parents die is an important family value.” 

Near the end of my administration, I argued that we needed to find “new ways to provide paid leave to those workers who need to take off but cannot afford to do so.” Most advanced nations provide some form of paid family leave, and it’s helped, not hurt, their economies. A growing chorus is now working on how to make that dream a reality here, and they deserve our support. 

There are few greater joys for me as a private citizen than seeing the impact the FMLA has had on hardworking Americans over the last 20 years. In the face of new economic and social challenges, America found a way to revive what de Tocqueville called “the habits of the heart.” And that may be the FMLA’s most enduring lesson. If we can once again infuse our nation with opportunity for every family, and responsibility from every individual, the foundations of American exceptionalism can survive and thrive in the face of today’s challenges. 

President Bill Clinton

Founder, William J. Clinton Foundation 42nd President of the United States

William Jefferson…

http://www.clintonfoundation.org/main/clinton-foundation-blog/celebrating-20-years-of-the-family-medical-leave-act.html

Despite the rise of unemployment, the demographics of the current workforce have significantly changed over the past twenty years.  More spouses and single parents work, allowing for less available people to act as primary caregivers for an ever increasing amount of baby boomers who now need additional care.

This increase in responsibilities on more and more individuals also requires monitoring of their personal well being. The National Family Caregiver Association recommends ten helpful reminders for caregivers.

1. Caregiving is a job and respite is your earned right. Reward yourself with respite breaks often.
2. Watch out for signs of depression, and don’t delay in seeking professional counseling..
3. When people offer to help, accept it.  No one is a martyr. Don't be afraid to suggest specific thing they can do for you.
4. Educate yourself about your loved one’s condition and how to communicate effectively with doctors.
5. Recognize the difference between caring and doing. Be open to technologies and ideas that promote your loved one’s independence.
6. Trust your instincts. Most of the time they’ll lead you in the right direction.
7. Caregivers often do a lot of lifting, pushing, and pulling. Be good to the physical health of your back and be extra careful. Remember, if you injure yourself, you will be of no use to your loved one.
8. Grieve your loss, and then allow yourself time to dream new dreams.
9. Seek support from other caregivers. Knowing you are not alone builds emotional strength.
10. Stand up for your legal rights as a caregiver and a citizen.

While it's paramount for caregivers to prioritize time to "care for themselves", they must clearly understand their roles in providing quality care to a loved one. You must be ready to assist both your patient's obvious physical and emotional needs, as well as any direct care that may be instructed by the patient's provider.

Another crucial function caregivers must recognize is to provide advocacy services. Integrating patient advocacy into the daily routine of caregiver activities is a challenge. The caregiver needs to be a conduit between the patient and the patient's provider. Listen to your patient and learn to speak on their behalf.  Many patients are unable to adequately communicate their feelings and symptoms to the provider. In this case, it's up to the caregiver to act as the "interpreter". Be their eyes and ears. Many of us have been in the situation where a doctor is directly talking to us, giving us instruction and feedback, only to have missed many of the salient points of the discussion.  An intelligent, healthy advocate, at our side. to ask questions and take notes is critical.

A final reminder for all present and future caregivers. We all age and need assistance. We all get sick. None of us want to be dependent on another individual. But if you can care responsibly with compassion and love, you can offer some grace and dignity we all rightfully deserve.

Stay Informed. Stay Healthy. Stay Alive
- The Patient's Advocate